论文部分内容阅读
Granular materials exist widely in nature, industry and en-gineering applications and perform complex mechanical beha-viors. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulations and physical experiments were adopted to investigate the mechanical proper-ties of granular systems and to solve the engineering problems. The discrete element method (DME) was proposed in 1970s and has been a practical approach to study the macro and meso-scopic behaviors of various granular materials.