豆科紫藤属Wisteria约有5-6个现生种,间断分布于中国、日本和美国的温带地区,但化石记录表明,该属在新近纪可能广泛分布于捷克、荷兰、格鲁吉亚阿布哈兹、保加利亚、罗马尼亚、俄罗斯远东、日本和中国。因此,研究紫藤属化石有助于深入认识它的早期演化、分类、多样性、古生态和生物地理,其中荚果化石的分类价值和演化意义尤为显著。文中基于对产自山东临朐中中新世山旺组的山旺紫藤W.shanwangensis荚果化石的再观察,并结合紫藤属3个现生种——紫藤W.sinensis、藤萝W.villosa和多花紫藤W.floribunda的荚果发育特征,讨论这些化石的分类、演化、发育和埋藏学意义。结果进一步证明,山旺紫藤荚果化石与国产的2个现生种——紫藤和藤萝的荚果更为相似,呈倒披针形、种子较少和室间缢缩明显。比较而言,日本和美国产的紫藤属现生种——多花紫藤和美国紫藤W.frutescens的荚果呈线形、种子较多和室间缢缩不明显,而且日本中新世和上新世报道的紫藤属荚果化石与多花紫藤的荚果更为相似。然而,中国和日本报道的紫藤属荚果化石迄今都没发现被毛,这与现生种中最原始的美国紫藤的荚果相似,而与东亚紫藤属现生种密被绒毛的荚果形成显著差别。因此,中国、日本和美国的紫藤属种类可能早在中新世就已经发生了形态地理分化,而荚果无毛或许是该属演化过程中一个比较原始的性状;紫藤属现生种荚果在发育的中、后期果壁上具有与纵轴方向成锐角的倾斜纤维纹饰,它们在荚果完全成熟后导致果瓣沿缝线开裂并卷曲,卷曲的果瓣放入水中又能恢复平整。值得注意的是,山旺紫藤荚果化石果壁上也发现了类似的倾斜纤维纹饰,这表明它们在脱落保存时处在发育的中、后期,这一发育时期脱落的荚果更有可能保存为化石记录;山旺紫藤荚果化石果壁的碳质残片中还富含硅藻类,近似于远距直链藻Melosira distans和颗粒直链藻M.granulata这些浮游相的、生活在深水区的优势种。因此,山旺紫藤荚果脱离母体后可能沉积在湖水较深的地方,而且它也可能是在成熟开裂的状态下脱落,瓣片本来卷曲,被短程搬运至湖中,又在湖水的浸泡下恢复平整状态,而后经沉积物掩埋后形成化石。 Ficus Wisteria Wisteria about 5-6 species present, intermittently distributed in temperate regions of China, Japan and the United States, but the fossil record shows that this genus in the Neogene may be widely distributed in the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, Abkhazia, Georgia, Bulgaria, Romania, the Far East of Russia, Japan and China. Therefore, the study of wisteria fossils helps to understand its early evolution, classification, diversity, paleoecology and biogeography. The classification value and evolutionary significance of pod fossils are particularly significant. Based on the re-observation of the W.shanwangensis pod fossil from the Middle-Miocene Shanwang Formation in Linqu, Shandong Province, and combining with the three present-day species Wisteria: W.sinensis, W. villosa, The pod development characteristics of Wisteria wfloribunda are discussed, and the classification, evolution, development and burial significance of these fossils are discussed. The results further prove that, Shan Wang Wisteria pod fossils and domestic two species of present - wisteria and Fujieda pods more similar, was oblanceolate, fewer seeds and room contractions significantly. In comparison, Japan and the United States produced the wisteria genus Wisteria and Wisteria wfrutescens pods linear, more seeds and room contraction is not obvious, and the Japanese Miocene and Pliocene reported Wisteria pod fossils and more spent wisteria pods are more similar. However, China and Japan reported that Wisteria pod fossils so far have not found coat hair, which is similar to the pod of the most primitive Wisteria in the present species, but significantly different from the pod of the asiatic wisteria, which is densely fluffed. Thus, the genus Wisteria in China, Japan and the United States may have morphologically differentiated as early as the Miocene, whereas the pod glabrous may be a relatively primitive trait in the evolution of the genus; The mid and late fruit wall had slanted fiber decorations at acute angles to the longitudinal axis, causing them to crack and curl along the suture after the pod had fully matured. The curled fruit petal was returned to water and flattened. It is noteworthy that similar tilted fiber ornamentation was also found on the wall of the wand-pod fruit fossil, indicating that they are in the middle and late stages of development when they are exfoliated and that pods that fall off during this period of development are more likely to be preserved as fossils Records; Shan Wang Wisteria pod fossil fruit wall carbonaceous debris is also rich in diatoms, similar to the long-range Algae Melosira distans and particles of linear Strangler M.granulata these planktonic phase, the dominant species living in deep water. Therefore, the shanyi wisteria pod may be deposited in deep water after it leaves the mother’s body, and it may also fall off in a state of mature cracking. The petals are originally curled, transported to the lake in a short path, and resumed in lake water The formation of the state, and then buried by the formation of fossils.