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20世纪50年代以保障工业化建设和城市粮食供应为出发点的粮食计划供应制度的建立,对新中国城乡二元社会制度的形成起到了关键性的作用。它通过国家在粮食上的垄断经营切断了城乡之间的主要市场联系;它以动员农民回乡为重要手段,并限制农村人口向城市流动,第一次从制度上确立了城乡之间的身份差别;它把有无城市正式户籍作为标准,对城乡居民实行差别供应,将绝大多数农村人口排除在计划供应之外,同时又促进了严格的户籍管理制度的产生。这一切,导致了城乡二元社会制度化的分离,对于当代中国社会的各个方面都产生了深远的影响。
The establishment of a food plan supply system starting from the 1950s to safeguard industrialization and urban grain supply has played a key role in the formation of a dual social system in urban and rural areas in new China. It cuts off the major market linkages between urban and rural areas through the country’s monopoly on food. It has mobilized peasants to return to their hometowns as an important means and restricted the flow of rural population to the cities. For the first time, the institutional identity between urban and rural areas Difference; it has no city formal household registration as a standard, to provide a differential supply of urban and rural residents, the vast majority of rural population excluded from the planned supply, while promoting a strict household registration management system. All this has led to the separation of the urban and rural dualistic systems and has had a profound impact on all aspects of contemporary Chinese society.