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基于设施菜田肥料定位试验地,研究了长期施用化肥对土壤线虫群落结构及多样性的影响,为设施蔬菜的合理施肥和可持续生产提供理论依据。研究期间,共鉴定土壤线虫38个属,其中假海矛属(Pseudhalenchus)、短体属(Pratylenchus)和真滑刃属(Aphelenchus)为优势属。长期施用化肥显著增加各研究土层的线虫总数,并改变线虫的群落结构。长期施化肥对0～10 cm土层线虫各生态指数的影响不显著。在10～20 cm和20～40 cm土层,长期施用化肥显著提高食真菌与食细菌线虫比例(F/B)而降低线虫通路比值(NCR),表明其促进以食真菌为主的腐屑食物网分解通道;其显著提高优势度指数(λ)而降低香农指数(H)’、均匀度指数(J)和丰富度指数(SR),表明长期施用化肥导致土壤线虫多样性降低。土壤线虫可以作为评价施肥对土壤质量影响的生物指标。
Based on the experiment of locating fertilizers in vegetable fields, the effects of long-term application of fertilizers on soil nematode community structure and diversity were studied to provide theoretical basis for rational fertilization and sustainable production of vegetable facilities. Thirty-eight genera of soil nematodes were identified during the study, of which Pseudhalenchus, Pratylenchus and Aphelenchus were the dominant genera. Long-term application of fertilizers significantly increased the total number of nematodes in soil layers and changed the community structure of nematodes. Effects of long-term fertilization on ecological index of nematodes in 0 ~ 10 cm soil layer were insignificant. Long-term application of chemical fertilizers significantly reduced the ratio of nematode to nematode (F / B) and decreased the ratio of nematode pathways (NCR) in the soil layers of 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm, indicating that it promotes the growth of fungi- (H), evenness index (J), and richness index (SR) of dominance index (λ), indicating that long-term application of chemical fertilizers resulted in the reduction of soil nematode diversity. Soil nematodes can be used as biomarkers to evaluate the impact of fertilization on soil quality.