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通过有限元计算,得到车架在加载30 t时的弯曲和扭转工况下的应力分布情况,结果表明车架存在应力集中现象,利用有限元方法和试验方法获得该车架自由状态下的前两阶固有频率及振型,结果均显示车架低阶频率偏小,动态特性较差。通过对车架结构的改进设计,车架纵梁改为变截面结构,并加装变速箱吊架。对新车架进行有限元稳态力学及模态分析,结果显示改进后的车架结构应力明显降低,低阶固有频率提高,说明该车架改进设计合理。
Through the finite element calculation, the stress distribution of the frame under bending and twisting conditions is obtained. The results show that there is stress concentration in the frame. By using the finite element method and the experimental method, The second-order natural frequencies and mode shapes show that the lower-order frequencies of the frame are smaller and the dynamic characteristics are worse. Through the improvement of the frame structure design, the frame longitudinal beam is changed to the variable cross-section structure, and the gearbox hanger is added. Finite element steady-state mechanics and modal analysis of the new frame show that the stress of the improved frame structure is significantly reduced and the natural frequency of the low-order frame is increased, which shows that the frame design is reasonable.