论文部分内容阅读
社区获得性肺炎(CAP)是儿童最常见的疾病,在我国是5岁以下小儿死亡的主要原因。常见病原包括细菌、病毒及非典型病原(支原体、衣原体、军团菌等)。肺炎链球菌是引起儿童CAP的最主要细菌病原,呼吸道合胞病毒是最常见病毒病原。儿童年龄越小病毒感染的可能性越大,住院时间越长细菌感染的比率随之增高,儿童CAP病原分布随国家、地区、时代不同而有很大差异。动态了解当地呼吸道感染的主要病原和各年龄组患儿感染病原的主要种类,既可以协助临床诊断和治疗,还对当地区疾病预防控制工作中采取针对性预防措施具有重要的指导意义。
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most common childhood disease and is the leading cause of death in children under five years of age in our country. Common pathogens include bacteria, viruses and atypical pathogens (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella, etc.). S. pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of CAP in children, and respiratory syncytial virus is the most common viral pathogen. The younger the children are, the more likely they are to be infected with the virus. The longer the length of hospital stay, the higher the rate of bacterial infection. The distribution of CAP in children varies greatly with different countries, regions and times. The dynamic understanding of the main pathogens of local respiratory tract infection and the main types of infectious pathogens in children of all ages can not only assist in clinical diagnosis and treatment, but also guide the prevention and control of diseases in the region to take targeted preventive measures.