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目的:探讨3～6岁孤独症儿童与正常儿童乳牙患龋状况及其相关因素。方法:采取整群抽样的方法对哈尔滨市93名孤独症儿童及207名正常儿童进行口腔检查,并对其家长进行问卷调查。结果:孤独症儿童与正常儿童乳牙患龋率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),龋均差异无统计学意义(P>0.1)。其中正常儿童乳牙患龋率71.50%,龋均3.360;孤独症儿童乳牙患龋率59.14%,龋均3.245。二者相比较,孤独症儿童吃甜食频率较低,且多由其家长帮助刷牙;正常儿童开始刷牙的时间更早,大多数家长能够定期带孩子到医院做口腔健康检查。结论:加强对家长及儿童口腔卫生保健知识的指导,培养科学的饮食方式及良好的口腔卫生习惯可有效预防乳牙龋病。
Objective: To investigate the caries status of deciduous teeth of 3-6-year-old autistic children and normal children and its related factors. Methods: A total of 93 autistic children and 207 normal children in Harbin were examined by cluster sampling method. Questionnaires were also conducted among their parents. Results: The caries prevalence of deciduous teeth between children with autism and normal children was significantly different (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in caries (P> 0.1). Among them, the prevalence of dental caries in normal children was 71.50%, and the caries were 3.360. The prevalence of caries in autistic children was 59.14%, caries were 3.245. In comparison, children with autism had a lower frequency of sweets and more often had their parents brush their teeth; normal children started brushing their teeth earlier and most parents regularly took their children to the hospital for oral health exams. Conclusion: To strengthen the guidance of parents and children oral health care knowledge, to cultivate scientific diet and good oral hygiene habits can effectively prevent deciduous teeth caries.