建立科学评估丝绸文物老化程度的方法,有利于研究丝绸文物老化机理和正确选择文物的修复与保护方式。采用光学显微镜与电子显微镜观察不同时期、不同地区墓葬出土丝绸文物的织物表观形态以及纱线或纤维的纵向和截面形貌,并对各织物样品进行红外光谱测试。比较分析各丝绸文物样品的外观形貌与红外光谱,发现丝绸文物样品红外光谱中酰胺Ⅰ吸收峰向低波数的移动程度和酰胺Ⅱ/酰胺Ⅰ吸收峰比值与丝绸文物表观老化程度有一定关联:丝绸文物的外观形貌越差,酰胺Ⅱ/酰胺Ⅰ吸收峰的比值越小,酰胺Ⅰ吸收峰向低波数移动的距离越大。研究结果表明,可利用红外光谱对丝绸文物的老化程度进行评估。 The establishment of a scientific method to evaluate the aging degree of silk cultural relics is conducive to studying the aging mechanism of silk cultural relics and correctly selecting the methods of restoration and protection of cultural relics. Using optical microscope and electron microscope, we observed the appearance of silk relics unearthed in different periods and different regions, as well as the longitudinal and cross-section morphology of yarn or fiber, and tested the fabric samples by infrared spectroscopy. The appearance and infrared spectrum of silk cultural relics were compared and analyzed. It was found that the shift of amide Ⅰ absorption peak to low wave number and the ratio of amide Ⅱ / amide Ⅰ absorption peak to the apparent aging degree of silk artifacts in the silk cultural relics samples were correlated : The worse the appearance and appearance of silk artifacts, the smaller the ratio of the amide Ⅱ / amide Ⅰ absorption peak, and the greater the distance from the amide Ⅰ absorption peak to the low wave number. The results show that the aging of silk relics can be evaluated by infrared spectroscopy.