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超细纤维是指线密度<0.3 dtex的纤维。制备超细纤维最主要的工艺是双组分纺丝工艺:第一步工艺是将成纤聚合物与基体聚合物共同挤出;第二步是将基体聚合物溶解,制得嵌入其中的超细纤维。用这种方法制备的纤维形状、横截面、长度及取向不是均一的。基于纤维素和醋酯纤维的超细纤维不能通过双组分纺丝工艺制备,因此也无法得到这种超细纤维。现在,一种采用新型的喷丝板结合离子液体纺丝工艺可以制备这种纤维素超细纤维。下面详细描述这种新型纤维的制备工艺和性能。
Microfibers are fibers having a linear density of <0.3 dtex. The most important process for preparing microfiber is a two-component spinning process: the first step is to extrude the fiber-forming polymer and the matrix polymer together; the second step is to dissolve the matrix polymer to make the ultrafine fiber. The shape, cross-section, length and orientation of the fibers prepared in this way are not uniform. Microfibers based on cellulose and acetate fibers can not be prepared by a two-component spinning process, and therefore such microfine fibers can not be obtained. Now, a new type of spinneret combined with ionic liquid spinning process can be prepared for this cellulose microfiber. The preparation and performance of this novel fiber are described in detail below.