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花碱土(即盐化浅色草甸土)是我省低产土壤之一,主要分布于淮北黄泛区肖县、碭山两县全境和宿县、亳县、濉溪、灵璧等县北部。这种土壤表层零至十五厘米含盐量高,一般均在0.15—0.5%,返盐季节可高达1.5%以上,但表层以下土壤含盐量多在0.1%左右。每年10月至翌年6月的少雨干旱时期,土壤表层处于积盐状态;7、8、9三个月雨日多,雨量大,常占全年雨量的60%以上,又有压洗盐分的作用。随着干湿季节的交替,土壤表层呈现明显的积盐和脱盐过程,而以前者在时间上占有绝对优势。因此,花碱土的生产关键在于如何采取有效措施,降低土壤表层含盐量,减轻小麦苗期受害,保证苗全苗壮,为增产打下良好的基础。为了适应农业生产发展的要求,我们从1961年起在肖县黄口花碱土地区进行了井灌试验研究。现对几年来取得的一些资料加以综合整理。本文主要对小麦生育过程中花碱土返盐特点、死苗规律、死苗原因和井灌淋盐保苗增产的效果等方面进行初步探讨。
Alkaline soil (ie, salt-light meadow soil) is one of the low-yielding soils in our province, and is mainly distributed in the entire Huangxian County, Huangshan County and the northern part of Suxian County, Bo County, Sui River and Lingbi Counties. This soil surface zero to fifteen centimeters high salt content, are generally 0.15-0.5%, back to salt season up to 1.5% or more, but below the surface soil salt content of about 0.1%. From October to June of next year, during the period of light rain and drought, the soil surface is in a salt accumulation state. In July, August and September, there are more rain days and more rainfall, which accounts for more than 60% of the annual rainfall, effect. With the alternation of the wet and dry seasons, the surface layer of the soil shows obvious process of salt accumulation and desalination, while the former occupies the absolute superiority in time. Therefore, the key to the production of alkaline soil lies in how to take effective measures to reduce the surface salt content of soil, reduce wheat seedling damage, to ensure seedling Miao Zhuang, to lay a good foundation for the increase. In order to meet the requirements of the development of agricultural production, we have carried out well-well test in Huangkou alkaline soil area of Xiaoxian since 1961. Now some of the information obtained over the past few years to be consolidated. In this paper, the characteristics of returning to salt, the rule of dead seedlings, the reason of dead seedlings and the effect of seedling irrigation and seedling yield increase were discussed in the process of wheat growth.