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在学习活动中,智力因素和非智力因素共同制约着个体科学文化素质的发展,根据上千项有关研究的分析显示,学生学习的效果主要受到四个核心因素的影响,包括智力、时间投入、教育质量以及动机~([1]),一般认为,智力在很大程度上由先天决定,而非智力因素多为后天习得。人的智力是按正态分布的,IQ分数一般在人口中的分布是两头小、中间大,智力在中等水平的人占了68%,智力优秀的人不过16%左右~([2])。而研究发现智力中等而非智力因素优秀者其成绩可与智力高者并驾齐驱。
In learning activities, intellectual and non-intellectual factors constrain the development of individual scientific and cultural qualities. According to the analysis of thousands of related studies, the effect of student learning is mainly affected by four core factors, including intelligence, time investment, The quality of education and motivation ~ ([1]), generally believed that intelligence is largely determined by the innate, rather than intelligence factors are mostly acquired. People’s intelligence is normally distributed. The IQ scores are generally distributed in the population with two small and medium-sized people, accounting for 68% of those with medium intelligence and only about 16% of those with good intelligence. [2] . The study found that moderate intelligence rather than intelligence who score their ability to keep pace with the high intelligence.