【目的】探讨反复呼吸道感染学龄前儿童气质和行为特点,为能正确教育、抚养该类儿童提供理论依据。【方法】在5所幼儿园选择4～5岁反复呼吸道感染学龄前儿童145例为观察组,同龄健康儿童244例作为对照组,采用“NYLS 3～7岁儿童气质问卷”和“Achenbach儿童行为量表父母问卷”进行儿童气质和行为测评。【结果】观察组气质类型分布以及气质维度在活动水平、规律性、趋避性、适应性、反应强度、注意力分散度上和对照组差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);适应性是反复呼吸道感染的相关因子;观察组男童的行为问题检出率和躯体诉述、抑郁、幼稚不成熟、分裂样、攻击5个因子与对照组男童比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);观察组女童的行为问题检出率和行为8个因子与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。【结论】反复呼吸道感染儿童的气质特点与正常儿童不同,适应性是发生反复呼吸道感染的相关因子,反复呼吸道感染儿童易发生行为问题。 【Objective】 To investigate the temperament and behavior characteristics of preschoolers with recurrent respiratory tract infections and provide theoretical basis for the correct education and raising of such children. 【Method】 One hundred and fifty-five preschool children aged from 4 to 5 years were selected as the observation group and 244 healthy children as the control group in 5 kindergartens. The “NYLS Children’s Temperament Questionnaire 3 ~ 7” and Achenbach Child Behavior Questionnaire Parents Questionnaire "Conducting Child Temperament and Behavioral Assessment. 【Results】 The distribution of temperament type and temperament dimension in the observation group were significantly different from those in the control group (P <0.05) in activity level, regularity, avoidance, adaptability, reaction intensity and attentional dispersion. The adaptability was Repeated respiratory tract infection related factors; the observation group boys behavior problems detection rate and body statement, depression, immaturity, schizoid, attack five factors compared with the control group boys were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was significant difference between the observation group and the control group in the detection rate and behavior of the eight girls (all P <0.05). 【Conclusion】 The temperament characteristics of children with recurrent respiratory tract infections are different from those of normal children. Adaptability is the related factor of recurrent respiratory tract infections. Behavior problems are likely to occur in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections.