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规范化的集团模式受到双向挤压我国企业集团发展分两个阶段。一是横向经济联合的准备阶段。它在“三不变”原则指导下,组织松散而不规范的横向联合体。二是企业集团的组合阶段。它以1987年底《关于组建和发展企业集团的几点意见》(简称18条)为标志,规范化的企业集团开始发育。根据上述文件规定,所谓企业集团,是适应社会主义有计划商品经济和社会化大生产的客观需要而出现的一种具有多层次组织结构的经济组织。它的核心层是自主经营、独立核算、自负盈亏、照章纳税、能够承担经济责任、具有法人资格的经济实体。规范化的企业集团,由资产、经营一体化的集
Standardization of the group mode by two-way squeeze China’s enterprise group development in two phases. First, the preparatory phase of horizontal economic cooperation. Under the guidance of the principle of “three invariance,” it organized loose and non-standard horizontal consortia. Second, the stage of enterprise group combination. It is marked by the “Opinions on the Establishment and Development of Enterprise Groups” (Article 18) at the end of 1987, and the standardized enterprise group started to develop. According to the above-mentioned document, the so-called enterprise group is an economic organization with a multi-level organizational structure that appears to meet the objective needs of the socialist planned economy and socialized mass production. Its core layer is an economic entity that operates independently, accounts for its own account, assumes responsibility for its own profits and losses, pays its own taxes, can assume economic responsibilities, and has legal personality. Standardization of enterprise groups, from assets, business integration set