论文部分内容阅读
GATT第20条(a)项的“公共道德例外条款”是为WTO成员方违反条约义务设定的一般例外之一。该条款在历经近60年休眠期后,由于近年的三起典型案例而引发WTO争端解决机构的重视。专家组与上诉机构在解释与适用“公共道德例外条款”时,对公共道德目标的确定存在明显的倾向,主要依赖于被诉国自身对其贸易限制措施目标的陈述。不过,专家组与上诉机构在公共道德条款的域外适用、公共道德的规范内容等问题上,有意采取了回避的策略。为了应对WTO文化贸易争端,我国既要提升文化产业市场化、国际化的水平,亦须有效调整文化进出口管理体制,在审批环节考虑文化安全与产业政策发展的需要。
The “Code of Ethics Exceptions” to Article 20 (a) of the GATT is one of the general exceptions set by WTO members for breach of a treaty obligation. This article triggered the attention of the WTO Dispute Settlement Body after nearly 60 years of dormancy due to three typical cases in recent years. In the interpretation and application of the “Code of Ethics Exceptions”, the panel and the appellate body have a clear tendency towards the determination of public morality goals, largely relying on the respondent State’s own statement of the objectives of its trade restrictions. However, the panel and the appellate body deliberately adopted a strategy of avoidance on such issues as the extraterritorial application of public morals and the normative content of public morals. In order to cope with the dispute over WTO culture and trade, it is necessary for both countries to promote the marketization and internationalization of cultural industries and to effectively adjust the system of cultural import and export control so as to meet the needs of cultural security and the development of industrial policies during the examination and approval process.