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目的 :了解高原不同民族、不同地区新生儿染色体畸变情况 ;方法 :收集高原塔汉及平原维汉不同民族新生儿脐血进行常规培养、制片、分带、计数观察 ;结果 :①高原新生儿染色体发生结构改变的汉族为 83 .3 3 % (5 / 6) ,高于塔族 5 0 % (5 / 1 0 ) ,喀什汉族为3 3 % (4/ 1 2 ) ,高于维族 2 5 % (2 / 8) ;②高原汉族新生儿染色体计数观察 ,发生畸变率 5 .892 %(3 5 / 5 94) ,塔族为 0 .48% (48/ 1 0 0 0 0 ) ,喀什汉族为 3 .1 69% (3 8/ 1 1 99) ,高于维族 1 .2 5 5 %(1 0 / 80 0 ) ,P <0 .0 2 5 ) ;③高原塔汉两族计数观察染色体畸变率为 5 .2 0 7% (83 / 1 5 94) ,高于喀什 2 .40 1 % (48/ 1 999)及西安 1 .5 3 2 % (46/ 3 0 0 3 ,P <0 .0 1 ) ,而喀什又高于西安 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;④高原染色体结构异常占 2 .1 3 3 % (3 4/ 1 5 94) ,其中内复制 6个 ,双微体 1 4个 ,碎片段 1 0个 ,着丝粒爆开 1个 ,断裂或增加 3个 ,明显高于喀什组 0 .85 % (1 7/ 1 999)及西安组0 .1 3 3 % (P <0 .0 1 ) ;结论 :低氧分压、强紫外线环境是导致高原新生儿染色体畸变率增加的可能原因 ,随着海拔升高越加明显。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the chromosomal aberrations of neonates in different nationalities and different regions of plateau. Methods: Umbilical cord blood of newborn infants from different ethnic groups in Taban and Plains of plateau were collected for routine culture, Han was 83.33% (5/6) with structural alterations in chromosomes, higher than 5 0% (5/10) in Tajas and 3 3% (4/1 2) in Kashi Han, which was higher than Uygur 25 % (2/8); ②In the count of neonates in plateau Han nationality, the aberration rate was 5.898% (3.5 / 594), and 0.48% (48/1000) (31.8%) was higher than that of Uygur (12.5%) (P <0.05), and the difference was statistically significant The distortion rate was 5.220% (83/1 594), higher than Kashgar 1.240% (48/1 9999) and Xi’an 1.533% (46/3303, P <0) (P <0. 05); ④ The chromosomal abnormalities in the plateau accounted for 2.333% (34/1494), of which 6 were duplicated, 1 4 fragments and 10 fragments, and the centromere burst 1, broken or increased by 3, which was significantly higher than that of the Kashgar group (0 .85% (17/1999) (P <0.01). Conclusion: The hypoxic partial pressure and strong ultraviolet environment are the possible reasons for the increase of chromosome aberration rate in neonates with plateau, which is more obvious with the elevation of altitude.