从历史的角度思考世界主义可以让我们A)理解世界主义及全球世界秩序的观点如何形成及面对与之相关的质疑。B)对世界主义话语在现代社会中的基本作用提出假设(“现代”社会是指从18世纪下半叶开始),换句话说,就是认识到世界主义在散漫的现代主义社会中的特殊地位。C)明确世界主义理念存在的各个领域(政治、艺术及学术等领域)。此文我主要阐述B)和C)论点,A)已在别处讨论。首先我将构建一个关于世界主义话语在现代社会中的深层作用的假设。世界主义话语的双重性之前已阐明,这里我着重探讨世界主义 Thinking of cosmopolitanism from a historical point of view allows us to: A) understand how cosmopolitanism and the global world order come into being and face the related questions. B) Assumptions about the essential role of cosmopolitan discourse in modern society (“modern” society means from the second half of the eighteenth century), in other words, the recognition that cosmopolitanism is in a scattered modernist society Special status. C) Clarifying areas where cosmopolitanism exists (political, artistic, academic, etc.). This article focuses on B) and C) arguments, A) discussed elsewhere. First, I will construct an assumption about the deep role of cosmopolitan discourse in modern society. Before the dualism of cosmopolitan discourse has been clarified, here I focus on cosmopolitanism