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目的:调查太原市社区老年人对生前预嘱的认知、态度及影响因素。方法:2018年11月至2019年3月，在山西省太原市6个社区抽取540名年龄≥60岁的老年人，进行面对面问卷调查。采用χ2检验及logistic回归模型分析社区老年人对生前预嘱的认知以及签署生前预嘱意愿的影响因素。结果:共得到有效问卷513份，有效率95.0%。社区老年人对生前预嘱的认知水平较低（44.1%，226名），不同年龄（χ2n =11.09，n P=0.001）、文化水平（χ2n =7.95，n P=0.005）、日常生活能力（χ2n =8.10，n P=0.017）者对生前预嘱的认知状况不同。普及相关概念后，愿意签署生前预嘱文件的老年人也较少（49.9%，256名），多因素分析结果显示，年龄在60~74岁（n OR=2.151，95%n CI：1.380~2.941）、文化水平在本科及以上（n OR=3.048，95%n CI：1.571~5.913）、日常生活能力明显障碍（n OR=2.849，95%n CI：1.223~6.638）、慢性病患病种数≥2种（n OR=1.654，95%n CI：1.138~2.404）、之前听说过生前预嘱（n OR=1.596，95%n CI：1.098~2.322）的老年人更愿意提前签署生前预嘱文件。n 结论:太原市社区老年人生前预嘱的认知及接受度较低，我市应继续加强对生前预嘱的推广力度。“,”Objective:To investigate the awareness and attitude towards living wills among community-dwelling elderly in Taiyuan.Methods:A total of 540 residents aged 60 years or older were selected from six communities of Taiyuan city for face-to-face questionnaire survey from November 2018 to March 2019. Chi-square test and logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors for awareness and attitude towards living wills.Results:The awareness rate of living wills in responders was 44.1%(226/513); and the awareness was significantly associated with age (χn 2=11.09, n P=0.001), education level (χn 2=7.95, n P=0.005), and daily living abilities (χn 2=8.10, n P=0.017) of the residents. After the knowledge popularization, 49.9%(256/513) of responders were willing to sign the living order documents. The multivariate logistics analysis showed that residents with age of 60-74 years (n OR=2.151, 95%n CI:1.380-2.941), with bachelor degree or above (n OR=3.048, 95%n CI:1.571-5.913), with severely impaired activities of daily living (n OR=2.849, 95%n CI:1.223-6.638), with multimorbidity (n OR=1.654, 95%n CI:1.138-2.404), and with knowledge of living will (n OR=1.596, 95%n CI:1.098-2.322) were more likely to sign a living will document.n Conclusion:The awareness and acceptance of living wills among the community-dwelling elderly in Taiyuan city is not so high, and it is necessary to further strengthen the promotion of living wills in the city.