天麻已有数千年的药用历史,系传统名贵药材。已往依靠野生货源,近年来栽培成功,虽然产量不断上升,但货源仍然紧张。因此市面上常出现伪品天麻,为了有效地区别真伪,以下就天麻的性状、显微等方面加以论述并与常见伪品天麻做以对比鉴别。天麻原植物只有一种,来源于兰科植物,以地下块茎入药。它对生长环境要求较高,须与密环菌共生才能生长,冬 Gastrodia has been used as a medicinal herb for thousands of years and is a traditionally valuable medicine. In the past, relying on wild resources, the cultivation was successful in recent years. Although the output has been rising, the supply is still tight. Therefore, there are often counterfeit gastrodia in the market. In order to effectively distinguish the authenticity from the following, the characters and microscopic aspects of gastrodia are discussed and compared with the common counterfeit gastrodia. Only one species of gastrodia elata originates from Orchidaceae and is used as an underground tuber. It has a high requirement for the growth environment, and it must be symbiotic with the bacterium to grow, winter.