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农作物生长必需的化学元素主要有16种,其中需要量最大的碳、氢、氧、氮、磷、钾称为大量元素,需量略少的钙、镁、硫称为中量元素,还有锌、硼、铁、锰、铜、钼、氯等微量元素。这些营养元素除碳、氢、氧来源于空气和水以外,其余均需从土壤中吸收或是人为的施肥供给,这就要求生产者必须掌握各种元素的吸收和变化规律。作物对营养元素的吸收均遵从以下几个基本规律。
There are 16 kinds of chemical elements necessary for crop growth. Among them, the most important carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are called large elements. Calcium, magnesium and sulfur with slightly less requirements are called middle quantities. Zinc, boron, iron, manganese, copper, molybdenum, chlorine and other trace elements. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen from air and water, these nutrients need to be absorbed from the soil or man-made fertilizer supply, which requires producers to master the absorption and variation of various elements. Absorption of nutrients in crops are based on the following basic rules.