历史认识论是本世纪历史哲学领域探讨的中心课题。每一个在历史上有影响的史学流派都有自己认识历史的方式或模式,对于这些方式或模式的概括与抽象,就成为特定的历史认识理论。历史认识论的实质与核心,是解决历史认识主体与历史认识客体之间的关系问题。对于当代史学发展影响最广泛的历史认识论,主要有兰克史学的认识论,新康德主义与新黑格尔主义史学的认识论,马克思主义史学的认识论。他们所关心的问题,主要集中在:历史有没有客观内容?历史究竟是主观的还是客观的?如何认识史料和历史事实?重构历史与史料是怎样的关系?历史有没有真理?在什么意义上理解历史认识的真理性?等等。本文拟对这些问题进行初步的考察与反省,同时就如何重建科学的历史认识论提出一些思考与看法,以便与同仁切磋。 Epistemology of history is the central issue of the historical philosophy in this century. Each historically influential school of history has its own ways or modes of understanding history, and the summation and abstraction of these modes or modes becomes a specific theory of historical knowledge. The essence and history of epistemology of history is to solve the relationship between the subject of historical understanding and the object of historical understanding. The historical epistemology that has the most extensive influence on the development of contemporary history includes the epistemology of Ranke’s historiography, the epistemology of neo-Kantianism and neo-Hegelian historiography, and the epistemology of Marxist historiography. The questions they are concerned with are mainly whether there is any objective content in history, whether the history is subjective or objective, how to understand the historical materials and the historical facts, how the relationship between the historical materials and the historical materials is reconstructed, To understand the truth of historical understanding? And so on. This article intends to conduct preliminary investigation and reflection on these issues, and at the same time puts forward some thoughts and opinions on how to reconstruct the historical epistemology of science in order to discuss with my colleagues.