Based on the mass balance equations of solute transfer in the radial chromatographic column, the theoretical expression to describe the column efficiency and shape of elution profile is obtained under linear isotherm case.Moreover, the tendency for the variation of column efficiency and symmetry of peak profile is systematically discussed.The results showed that in radial chromatography the relationship between the column efficiency and volumetric flow rate is similar with that relationship in axial chromatography; relatively high column efficiency still can be obtained under high flow rate in radial chromatography.Accompanying the increase of retention factor of solutes and injection time, the column efficiency decreases monotonously.The effect of column diameter and column length on the column efficiency interfere with each other.It is more advantageous to increase the column efficiency by applying columns with larger column diameter and shorter column length.According to the discussion of the effect of diffusion on the column efficiency, radial chromatography is proved to be suitable for the separation of samples with relatively high diffusion coefficient, which predicts its obvious advantage in the preparative separation of samples such as proteins and DNA.