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目的分析儿童(14周岁及以下)脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)年龄阶段分布并建立数据库,为小儿听力学和神经学早期诊疗提供依据。方法 2011—2013年广州市妇女儿童医疗中心健康体检的14周岁及以下健康儿童423名(846只耳)为研究对象,听力测试均正常并排除可能导致听神经损伤的疾病。对入选对象进行BAEP检查,分别记录Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期及Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期,运用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析各年龄段特点。结果(1)各年龄组儿童的Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期及Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期均有不同分布范围。(2)Ⅰ波潜伏期与年龄呈弱相关性(r=0.375,P<0.05),在1月龄时波Ⅰ潜伏期即接近成熟水平,之后随年龄增长变化不大。(3)Ⅲ波、Ⅴ波潜伏期与年龄呈高度相关(r=-0.816、-0.854,P<0.05),其发展走向与听神经发育密切相关。同时Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期与年龄呈显著负相关(r=-0.778、-0.658、-0.831,P<0.05)。结论儿童听觉神经传导系统随年龄增长发育成熟,Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期与Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期随年龄增长而呈负相关,表现为缩短趋势,各波潜伏期变化与儿童听觉系统发育相关。
Objective To analyze the age distribution of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) in children (14 years old and below) and to establish a database for the early diagnosis and treatment of pediatric audiology and neurology. Methods A total of 423 healthy children (846 ears) aged 14 years and younger from Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center during 2011-2013 were selected as subjects. The hearing tests were normal and the diseases that could lead to the auditory nerve injury were excluded. The subjects underwent BAEP examination. The latency of Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ waves and the interventricular waves Ⅰ-Ⅲ, Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ were recorded respectively. The characteristics of all age groups were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. Results (1) The latency of Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ waves and the intervals of Ⅰ-Ⅲ, Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ wave in children of all age groups all have different distribution ranges. (2) The latency of Ⅰ wave was weakly correlated with age (r = 0.375, P <0.05). At 1 month of age, the latency of wave Ⅰ was close to the mature level and then changed little with age. (3) The wave ¢ ó and Ⅴ wave latency were highly correlated with age (r = -0.816, -0.854, P <0.05). The development of ¢ ó and Ⅴ waves was closely related to auditory nerve development. At the same time, the wave interval of Ⅰ-Ⅲ, Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.778, -0.658, -0.831, P <0.05). Conclusion The auditory nerve conduction system of children develops mature with age. The latency of Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ waves and the duration of Ⅰ-Ⅲ, Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ waves are negatively correlated with age, showing the shortening trend, the latency of each wave Changes are related to the development of children’s auditory system.