若干光谱学方法已成为分析实验室的常规手段,尤其是红外光谱(IR—),核磁共振(NMR—)和质谱(MS—)。本文将说明这些方法如何适用于分析实验室的全部工作和可能获得哪一类的信息。本文将对这三种方法的理论作简短介绍。同时,给出一些必要的装置简图。最后,举例说明仪器和实验技术上的一些新的进展,其内容包括:傅里叶变換红外和质谱,二维的核磁共振实验,固体的核磁共振等。 Several spectroscopic methods have become routinely used in analytical laboratories, especially IR-, NMR- and MS-. This article will illustrate how these methods can be applied to analyze all the lab work and the types of information that may be obtained. This article will give a brief introduction to the theories of these three methods. At the same time, some necessary device sketch is given. Finally, some examples of new advances in instrumentation and experimental techniques are given, including Fourier transform infrared and mass spectrometry, two-dimensional NMR experiments, and solid-state NMR.