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本文选择了贵州省从江县侗族村落小黄村为案例点,在实践调查的基础上,运用社会学研究方法,通过参与式农村评估(Participatory Rural Appraisal,PRA),利用林业部门森林资源调查数据,并结合实地观察数据,绘制了该村60年来不同时期的村落森林分布图,从林地面积、林种构成、林龄结构等三方面追溯了过去60年来该村森林资源的变化。同时,通过查阅文献、实地问卷调查、关键人物访谈、现场调查和加权平均指数分析法对林地变化的驱动因素进行了筛选和排序。研究表明,侗族习惯法、宗教和传统护林习俗等传统知识仅次于政府政策因素,占据第二重要的地位。小黄村对森林资源的有节制利用,曾在历史上有效保证了农林生态系统的稳定性和持久性,而且与森林资料的消长有着密切的相关性。一般情况下,森林资源即得到良好的保护与发展时,传统知识的作用往往得到了充分发挥;但森林资源受到严重破坏时,传统知识的作用则往往受到了限制。因此,有必要对侗族传统生态知识的价值进一步开展相关研究和评估,为解决当前我国贵州生态脆弱地区的发展与环境保护之间的矛盾提供借鉴。
This paper chooses Xiaohuang village, a Dong village in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province as a case study. Based on the practice survey, using sociological research methods, participatory rural appraisal (PRA), forest resources survey data of the forestry department, Based on the field observation data, the village forest distribution map of different periods of the past 60 years in this village was drawn. The forest resources in the past 60 years have been traced back from three aspects: the area of forest land, the composition of forest types and the age structure of the forest. At the same time, the drivers of forestland change were screened and sorted through consulting literature, field surveys, key interviews, field surveys and weighted average index analysis. The research shows that the traditional knowledge of Dong customary law, religion and traditional forest protection are second only to the government policy factors and occupy the second most important position. The curtailed use of forest resources by Xiaohuangcun has historically effectively ensured the stability and sustainability of agro-forestry ecosystems and is closely related to the growth and decline of forest information. In general, when forest resources are well protected and developed, the role of traditional knowledge is often given full play. However, when the forest resources are severely damaged, the role of traditional knowledge is often limited. Therefore, it is necessary to further carry out relevant research and assessment on the value of traditional ecological knowledge of the Dong people, so as to provide reference for solving the contradiction between the development of ecologically fragile regions and the environmental protection in Guizhou Province.