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推理判断题就是作者在文中没有明说，需要我们透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音。这是高考英语阅读理解的必考题型，难度相对较大，容易失分。本文谈谈如何解答这类试题。
一、题干特征
一般来说，推理判断题题干中常含有imply(暗示), suggest(暗示), infer(推断)，conclude（推断，断定）等字眼。如：
1. It can be inferred/concluded from the text that
.
2. We can infer/conclude from the passage that ______.
3. What can be inferred from the passage?
4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
5. The writer suggests/implies that .
6. The story implies that.
7. We can see /infer /conclude from the passage that .
二、选项特点
正确选项一定是以文中提供的信息为依据作出的符合逻辑的推断。错误选项有以下特点：
1． 与考生自己的生活、经验相符的结论，但文章中没有信息支持。
2. 只是文章中某些信息的简单重复，而非推断出来的结论。
3. 曲解文意，与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论等。
4. 推理过度或带有片面性。
三、解题技巧
在做题时，首先通过寻读，结合选项在文中找到相关的句、段；然后理解字面意思，读懂原文；接着根据特定的语境和常识进行逻辑推理，得出与文中所述事实相符的结论；最后再根据正误选项的特点，通过排除法等选出正确选项。
四、实例分析
...Malaria has five thousand genes, and its abilities to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control...For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.（2007广东卷阅读C篇）
54. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.
A. no drugs have been found to treat the disease.
B. the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people
C. malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites
D. nobody knows what will be the drugs to treat the disease
解析：文中说几十年前非洲就有了治malaria 的药物，即chloroquine了，故选项A与事实不符，应排除；文中Malaria …its abilities…and resist new drugs是Malaria很快会有抵抗药物的能力，而不是抵抗parasites(寄生虫)的能力，选项C故意曲解了原文意思，应排除；由文中的new drugs和Successful alternatives可知，是不断有新药出现的，文中If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next是虚拟语气，是与事实不符的假设，选项D改变了语气，与事实不符，应排除；根据文中Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive”（有了替代的药物，但供货短缺，且很贵），并结合前文所说的患这种病的人往往是非洲贫穷的人，不难推断出：这种新的替代药大多数人不容易得到。故选B。
五、学以致用
(1)
...Just as laughing has many health advantages, scientists are discovering that so, too, does crying. ...Just as crying can be healthy, not crying—holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering—can be bad for physical health. Studies have shown that too, much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don’t fight it. It’s a natural—and healthy emotional response.
●It can be inferred from the text that _______.
A. there are two ways to keep healthy
B. crying does more good to health than laughing
C. crying and laughing play the same roles
D. emotional health has a close relationship to physical health.
(2)
Never give out identifying information such as Name, Home, Address, School Name, or Telephone Number in a public message such as at a chat room or on bulletin boards. Never send a person a picture of you without first checking with your parents.
Never arrange a face-to –face meeting without telling your parents. If your parents agree to the meeting, make sure that you meet in a public place and have a parent with you.
Remember that people online may not be who they seem. Because you can’t see or even hear the person, it would be for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. Thus someone says that “she is a 12-year-old girl” could really be an old man.
Get to know your “online friend” just as you get to know all of your friends.
●The passage suggests that one should ________.
A. never make an online friend
B. believe nobody on the Net
C. not be honest on the Net
D. be careful about the online friend
(3)
If you are lost in the mountains, stay calm in the face of darkness, loneliness, and the unknown. It will greatly increase your chances of survival. Many people think that preparing necessary equipment and knowing how to use it are very important, but actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear.
●What can we infer from the passage?
A. Don’t travel by yourself.
B. Mountain traveling is dangerous.
C. Don’t get frightened in danger.
D. Avoid going to unfamiliar places.
答案与解析
1. D 解析：原文并没有讲到哭比笑对健康更有好处，故B项是错的；原文只讲到哭与笑对健康都有好处，并不能说明其功能是相同的，更不能推出保持健康就只有这两种方法，故选项A和C都推理过度，都是错误的；由原文Just as crying can be healthy, not crying—holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering—can be bad for physical health可推知，情感因素与身体健康有密切联系，故D项正确。
2. D 解析：由文中的几个never和最后一句(交网友就像你在生活中交其他朋友一样是逐渐认识的，要有一个了解的过程)，我们可推断出作者认为交网友要谨慎。其他选项都过于片面或推理过度。
3. C 解析：选项A和C，文中没有信息支持；本段是说在山中迷路时应如何做，并不意味着Mountain traveling是危险的，选项B推理过度；由文中的stay calm和but actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear可以推知，遇到危险时一定要保持冷静，不要惊慌。
责任编校蒋小青
一、题干特征
一般来说，推理判断题题干中常含有imply(暗示), suggest(暗示), infer(推断)，conclude（推断，断定）等字眼。如：
1. It can be inferred/concluded from the text that
.
2. We can infer/conclude from the passage that ______.
3. What can be inferred from the passage?
4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
5. The writer suggests/implies that .
6. The story implies that.
7. We can see /infer /conclude from the passage that .
二、选项特点
正确选项一定是以文中提供的信息为依据作出的符合逻辑的推断。错误选项有以下特点：
1． 与考生自己的生活、经验相符的结论，但文章中没有信息支持。
2. 只是文章中某些信息的简单重复，而非推断出来的结论。
3. 曲解文意，与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论等。
4. 推理过度或带有片面性。
三、解题技巧
在做题时，首先通过寻读，结合选项在文中找到相关的句、段；然后理解字面意思，读懂原文；接着根据特定的语境和常识进行逻辑推理，得出与文中所述事实相符的结论；最后再根据正误选项的特点，通过排除法等选出正确选项。
四、实例分析
...Malaria has five thousand genes, and its abilities to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control...For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.（2007广东卷阅读C篇）
54. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.
A. no drugs have been found to treat the disease.
B. the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people
C. malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites
D. nobody knows what will be the drugs to treat the disease
解析：文中说几十年前非洲就有了治malaria 的药物，即chloroquine了，故选项A与事实不符，应排除；文中Malaria …its abilities…and resist new drugs是Malaria很快会有抵抗药物的能力，而不是抵抗parasites(寄生虫)的能力，选项C故意曲解了原文意思，应排除；由文中的new drugs和Successful alternatives可知，是不断有新药出现的，文中If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next是虚拟语气，是与事实不符的假设，选项D改变了语气，与事实不符，应排除；根据文中Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive”（有了替代的药物，但供货短缺，且很贵），并结合前文所说的患这种病的人往往是非洲贫穷的人，不难推断出：这种新的替代药大多数人不容易得到。故选B。
五、学以致用
(1)
...Just as laughing has many health advantages, scientists are discovering that so, too, does crying. ...Just as crying can be healthy, not crying—holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering—can be bad for physical health. Studies have shown that too, much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don’t fight it. It’s a natural—and healthy emotional response.
●It can be inferred from the text that _______.
A. there are two ways to keep healthy
B. crying does more good to health than laughing
C. crying and laughing play the same roles
D. emotional health has a close relationship to physical health.
(2)
Never give out identifying information such as Name, Home, Address, School Name, or Telephone Number in a public message such as at a chat room or on bulletin boards. Never send a person a picture of you without first checking with your parents.
Never arrange a face-to –face meeting without telling your parents. If your parents agree to the meeting, make sure that you meet in a public place and have a parent with you.
Remember that people online may not be who they seem. Because you can’t see or even hear the person, it would be for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. Thus someone says that “she is a 12-year-old girl” could really be an old man.
Get to know your “online friend” just as you get to know all of your friends.
●The passage suggests that one should ________.
A. never make an online friend
B. believe nobody on the Net
C. not be honest on the Net
D. be careful about the online friend
(3)
If you are lost in the mountains, stay calm in the face of darkness, loneliness, and the unknown. It will greatly increase your chances of survival. Many people think that preparing necessary equipment and knowing how to use it are very important, but actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear.
●What can we infer from the passage?
A. Don’t travel by yourself.
B. Mountain traveling is dangerous.
C. Don’t get frightened in danger.
D. Avoid going to unfamiliar places.
答案与解析
1. D 解析：原文并没有讲到哭比笑对健康更有好处，故B项是错的；原文只讲到哭与笑对健康都有好处，并不能说明其功能是相同的，更不能推出保持健康就只有这两种方法，故选项A和C都推理过度，都是错误的；由原文Just as crying can be healthy, not crying—holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering—can be bad for physical health可推知，情感因素与身体健康有密切联系，故D项正确。
2. D 解析：由文中的几个never和最后一句(交网友就像你在生活中交其他朋友一样是逐渐认识的，要有一个了解的过程)，我们可推断出作者认为交网友要谨慎。其他选项都过于片面或推理过度。
3. C 解析：选项A和C，文中没有信息支持；本段是说在山中迷路时应如何做，并不意味着Mountain traveling是危险的，选项B推理过度；由文中的stay calm和but actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear可以推知，遇到危险时一定要保持冷静，不要惊慌。
责任编校蒋小青