近十几年来,随着海洋开发的迅速兴起,海洋预报面临着新的形势和任务。如果说过去对海洋预报的要求,还只局限于满足航海者对风、海冰和近岸潮汐潮流的需要,那么今天对海洋预报服务的要求就更多了,它不仅需要更多的预报内容,提供更加详细而准确的情报,而且对预报时效和服务方式也有了更高的要求。例如,要求对远洋船舶提供气象导航,为渔业生产提供次表层海温预报,为海上开发工程建设提供环境情报和长期展望等等。由于海洋过程的广延性和时间性,海洋预报需要有广泛而实时的情报来源,也就是说,需要对广阔的海洋进行长期的和连续的监测。长期以来,由于海洋技术条件落后,海洋情报资料十分贫乏,在大约占地球表面积70％的海洋上,只有188个固定监测站,与陆地上的8000多个观测 In the past decade or so, with the rapid development of marine development, marine forecasting is facing new situations and tasks. If the past requirements for ocean forecasting were limited to meeting the needs of seawaters for wind, sea ice and nearshore tide currents, there is more demand for ocean forecast services today, which not only requires more forecasted content , To provide more detailed and accurate intelligence, but also on the forecast timeliness and service methods also have higher requirements. For example, it requires the provision of meteorological navigation for ocean-going vessels, the provision of sub-surface sea temperature forecasting for fishery production, the provision of environmental intelligence and long-term prospects for the development of offshore structures, and the like. Because of the breadth and timeliness of ocean processes, ocean forecasting requires a wide range of sources of intelligence in real time, that is, long-term and continuous monitoring of vast oceans is required. For a long time, because of the backward marine technology, oceanographic information was scarce. With only about 188 fixed monitoring stations on the ocean, which account for about 70% of the Earth’s surface, and more than 8,000 observations on land