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绿洲化是干旱区人与自然因素共同作用下荒漠向绿洲转变的过程。中国绿洲面积从20世纪50年代初期的20 000km2扩展到2000年的86 000km2,扩大了3.3倍。绿洲化过程不仅伴随着景观格局的变化,而且会引发土壤、生物、气象和水文等要素的变化。分析了近2 000a来中国干旱区绿洲的演变过程,评述了绿洲化过程中景观变化、其对绿洲稳定性的影响及绿洲化过程中土壤要素、气象水文要素变化等诸多方面的研究进展,同时提出未来的研究中应加强绿洲化过程研究框架的建立、绿洲化过程中关键因素变化及绿洲化关键过程研究。
Oasis is the process of desert to oasis under the action of human and natural factors in arid area. The area of oasis in China expanded from 20,000km2 in the early 1950s to 86,000km2 in 2000, an increase of 3.3 times. The process of oasis is not only accompanied by the change of landscape pattern, but also causes the changes of soil, biological, meteorological and hydrological elements. This paper analyzes the evolution of the oasis in the arid area of China in recent 2 000 years, reviews the changes of landscape during the oasis, reviews its impact on the stability of the oasis, and advances in the research on the changes of soil elements, meteorological and hydrological elements during the oasis process. Meanwhile, It is suggested that the establishment of the research framework of oasis process, the change of key factors in oasis process and the key process of oasis should be strengthened in the future research.