近年来,我国在一些行业领域出现了结构性国进民退现象。本文认为这主要是由于金融体制改革落后于实体经济改革所导致的金融结构与经济结构不匹配而造成的。我国以利率控制和国有银行占主导地位为特征的金融控制体系在信贷资源的分配上具有极强的所有制倾向,国有企业资金充裕,民营企业借贷困难。廉价的信贷资源刺激了国有企业在资本密集型行业的扩张,由此导致这些行业出现了结构性国进民退现象。解决这一问题的关键在于推进金融体制改革,放开金融市场准入和利率控制,营造竞争性的金融市场。 In recent years, China has witnessed a structural recession in the field of industries in some industries. This paper argues that this is mainly due to the financial system lags behind the financial structure and economic structure caused by the real economy reform. China’s financial control system characterized by interest rate control and dominant state-owned banks has a very strong tendency towards ownership in the distribution of credit resources. The state-owned enterprises have sufficient capital and private-owned enterprises have difficulty in lending. Cheap credit resources have stimulated the expansion of state-owned enterprises in capital-intensive industries, which led to the emergence of a structural recessionary state in these industries. The key to solving this problem lies in advancing the reform of the financial system, opening up financial market access and interest rate control and creating a competitive financial market.