本文试图从马克思主义与人类学的相互关系着眼,分析了马克思主义与进化论的渊源。在分析马克思主义社会发展理论的认知论基础上,通过进化论与文化相对论,单一历史与多元历史等相关的理论的并置,从人类学的视野里对马克思主义的社会发展理论进行反思。 This article tries to analyze the relationship between Marxism and evolutionism from the interrelationship between Marxism and anthropology. On the basis of analyzing the cognitive theory of Marxist social development theory, Marxist social development theory is introspected from the perspective of anthropology through the juxtaposition of theories related to evolutionism and cultural relativity, single history and plural history.