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目的分析主要食物中镉含量水平,对广东省居民通过膳食途径暴露镉的健康风险进行初步的评估。方法 2009年在全省21地市采集15类食物共2 200份,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定食物中镉的含量,结合居民膳食消费数据,比照镉的暂定每月耐受摄入量(PTMI)及安全限值(MOS)初步评估广东省居民主要食物的镉暴露风险。结果 15类食物中紫菜中镉含量最高,为1 830.0μg/kg。城乡居民通过大米、蔬菜类、鱼虾类、动物内脏类四类食物每月膳食镉暴露量分别为1 314.6和1 394.3μg。大米对城市和农村居民膳食镉的贡献率最高,分别为50.1%和64.9%,且以粤北地区最高。结论主要食品对居民膳食镉的平均贡献水平未超过PTMI值,MOS值大于1,居民膳食镉暴露水平总体上安全。由于我国南方地区居民大米的消费量大及其对居民膳食镉贡献率最高,有必要加强大米可能的镉污染问题研究,并从源头上预防污染。
Objective To analyze the level of cadmium in major foods and to assess the health risk of cadmium exposed by residents in Guangdong province through dietary routes. Methods A total of 2 200 samples of 15 kinds of food were collected from 21 cities in the province in 2009. The content of cadmium in food was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Combined with the household consumption data, the provisional monthly tolerable intake of cadmium (PTMI) and Safety Limits (MOS) to initially assess the cadmium exposure risk of Guangdong’s main foodstuffs. Results Among the 15 kinds of food, the content of cadmium in seaweed was the highest, which was 1 830.0 μg / kg. The monthly dietary Cd exposure of urban and rural residents through the four categories of rice, vegetables, fish and shrimp, and animal offal were 1 314.6 and 1 394.3 μg, respectively. The contribution of rice to dietary cadmium in urban and rural residents was the highest, at 50.1% and 64.9%, respectively, and highest in northern Guangdong. Conclusion The average contribution of the main foods to the dietary cadmium did not exceed the PTMI value. The MOS value was greater than 1, and the residents’ dietary cadmium exposure level was generally safe. Due to the large consumption of rice and its contribution to the dietary cadmium of the residents in southern China, it is necessary to study the possible cadmium pollution in rice and to prevent pollution from the source.