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海葵毒素(Palytoxin)是从海洋腔肠动物(Coelenterate)分离所得的一种毒素,是目前已知天然非蛋白质毒素中毒性最大的一个,小鼠的半致死量(LD_(50))为0.15μg/kg(静脉注射)。该毒素的分子量为3300,分子式为C_(145)H_(264)N_4O_(78),结构极为复杂,至今尚未全部了解。 1.存在: 海葵毒素存在于南太平洋夏威夷群岛的腔肠动物中,由Moore和Scheuer首先提取分离,经鉴定认为它是Palythoa toxica种。后来,Attaway发现牙买加的P.caribaeorum,P.mammilosa种中也存在此毒素。Hashimoto等则发现日本石垣岛(Ishigaki)的P.tuber-culosa种中也有。
Palytoxin, a toxin isolated from Coelenterate, is the most toxic one currently known for natural non-protein toxins. The median lethal dose (LD_ (50)) of mice is 0.15 μg / kg (iv). The toxin has a molecular weight of 3300 and a molecular formula of C_ (145) H_ (264) N_4O_ (78). The structure of the toxin is extremely complicated and has not yet been fully understood. 1. Existence: Sea anemone toxins are present in the coelenterates of the South Pacific Hawaiian Islands and are first extracted and isolated by Moore and Scheuer and identified as Palythoa toxica species. Later, Attaway found that the toxin was present also in P. caribaeorum, P. mammilosa species in Jamaica. Hashimoto et al. Found that there are also P. tuber-culosa species in Ishigaki, Japan.