奉系军阀张作霖与日本的复杂关系,始终贯穿其全部政治生涯。在崛起到消亡的不同阶段中,张对日本采取了不同的策略。初期,为壮大自己的实力而在东北立足,他明确了借其势力、相互利用的对日方针;随着奉系军阀完成对东北的统一,他实力逐步增强,试图摆脱日本的控制;20年代后,他从巩固自身统治出发,在军火供应、经济领域等各方面对日本进行抗衡及抵制。评价张作霖对日本的态度,不可用“亲日”或“抵日”这样简单的二分法来做概括。 Feng warlord Chang Tso-lin’s complicated relations with Japan have always run through all his political career. In different stages of its rise to its demise, Chang adopted a different strategy toward Japan. In the early days, he set his foot on the northeast in order to strengthen his own strength. He clearly defined the principle of opposing Japan by utilizing his forces and mutual benefits. As the Fengshen warlords completed their unification with the northeast, they gradually gained strength and tried to get out of Japanese control. In the 1920s, After starting from consolidating his own rule, he contested and boycotted Japan in the arms supply and economic fields. To appraise Chang Tso-lin’s attitude towards Japan, it is not possible to summarize such a simple dichotomy as “pro-Japanese” or “arriving at Japan.”