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为评估渤海湾产区苹果中主要农药的残留情况及其产生的风险,在山东、辽宁及河北3个主要省份的150个生产基地进行了苹果样品采集与测定分析,并对我国不同人群的膳食暴露风险进行了评估。结果表明:93.3%的苹果样品检出有低浓度农药残留,经最大残留限量值(MRL)判定后100%合格,82.0%的样品中农药残留种类在3种及以下;共检出17种农药残留,大多为低毒或无毒农药,无禁用和高毒农药。采用点评估方法,选择检出率在20%以上的多菌灵、毒死蜱、啶虫脒和戊唑醇进行不同消费人群暴露点评估。结果显示:4种农药的急性和慢性摄入风险均为儿童高于成年人,绝大多数女性人群的摄入风险高于男性;4种农药急性摄入风险均高于慢性摄入风险,风险水平由高到低为多菌灵>毒死蜱>戊唑醇>啶虫脒,但点评估结果均远低于100%,说明通过食用苹果摄入的农药残留极其微量,不会对人体产生急性或慢性风险。
In order to evaluate the residual pesticide residues and the risks of apple pesticides in the production areas of Bohai Bay, apple samples were collected and assayed in 150 production bases in three major provinces of Shandong, Liaoning and Hebei provinces. The diet of different populations in China Exposure risks were evaluated. The results showed that 93.3% of apple samples were detected with low concentration of pesticide residues, 100% passed MRL determination, 82.0% of pesticide residues were classified into 3 types and below; 17 pesticides were detected Residues, mostly low or non-toxic pesticides, non-banned and highly toxic pesticides. Using point assessment method, we selected carbendazim, chlorpyrifos, acetamiprid and tebuconazole with the detection rate above 20% to evaluate the exposure points of different consumer groups. The results showed that the acute and chronic intake of four kinds of pesticides were higher in children than in adults, and the intake risk of the majority of female population was higher than that of male. The acute intake of four kinds of pesticides was higher than the risk of chronic intake, and the risk Carbendazim> chlorpyrifos> tebuconazole> acetamiprid, but the evaluation results were far less than 100%, indicating that the trace amount of pesticide residues consumed by eating apples will not produce acute or Chronic risk.