火箭升空,卫星入轨,飞船遨游太空,这些航天活动无一不是由推力巨大的运载火箭在航天发射场伴随着烈焰轰鸣送入太空的。人们在关注卫星、飞船、航天飞机的同时,对这些航天飞行器的发祥地充满着好奇。拜科努尔航天发射中心位于哈萨克斯坦境内的拜科努尔航天发射场是世界上最大的航天发射中心之一(见图1)。这个发射中心兴建于1955年,自1957年10月4日发射了世界上第一颗人造地球卫星、1961年4月12日第一艘载人宇宙飞船送航天员加加林遨游太空后,随着火箭 Rocket launch, satellite orbit, spacecraft travel in space, these space activities are all thrust by a huge launch vehicle at the space launch site along with the flames roiled into space. People pay close attention to satellites, spaceships and space shuttles while curious about the birthplaces of these spacecraft. Baikonur Space Launch Center The Baikonur space launch site in Kazakhstan is one of the largest space launch centers in the world (see Figure 1). The launch center, built in 1955, launched the world’s first man-made earth satellite on October 4, 1957. After the first manned spacecraft was sent to space flight Gagarin on April 12, 1961, Rocket