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目的了解小儿下呼吸道感染病原菌的分布及对常用抗菌药物的耐药性。方法选择在医院治疗的320例下呼吸道感染患儿,年龄2d～12岁,其中男172例,女148例;对所有患者的痰液进行细菌培养以及药敏试验。结果 320例患者中共培养出264株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌168株,占63.6%,分布在前几位的是铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌以及不动杆菌属等,革兰阳性菌70株,占26.6%,其中以表皮葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为主,真菌26株,占9.8%,以白色假丝酵母菌为主;药敏试验表明,革兰阴性菌耐药性最低为亚胺培南,而对于革兰阳性菌的耐药性最高为头孢一代,最低为万古霉素。结论小儿下呼吸道感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,严重感染可选用亚胺培南。
Objective To understand the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in children with lower respiratory tract infection and the resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Methods A total of 320 cases of lower respiratory tract infection were treated in our hospital from 2 to 12 years old, including 172 males and 148 females. Bacterial culture and drug susceptibility tests were performed on sputum from all patients. Results A total of 264 pathogenic bacteria were cultured in 320 patients, of which 168 were Gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 63.6%. Among the top three strains, there were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter and Gram-positive Strain 70, accounting for 26.6%, of which Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, fungi 26, accounting for 9.8%, mainly Candida albicans; susceptibility tests showed that Gram-negative bacteria resistance The lowest is imipenem, while the highest resistance to gram-positive bacteria is cephalosporin, the lowest vancomycin. Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogenic bacteria in children with lower respiratory tract infection, and imipenem can be used in severe infections.