穗型作为水稻(Oryza sativa)重要的农艺性状,近年来一直是研究热点。该文简要介绍了水稻穗部发育的一般过程,总结了近年来发现的调控水稻穗型相关基因,并根据水稻幼穗发育过程将其分为4类:分别调控枝梗分生组织的形成、枝梗分生组织的大小、小穗分生组织的转变时间以及枝梗的伸长;并概括分析了上述基因在调控水稻幼穗发育过程中所呈现出的路径关系。最后对水稻穗型遗传调控研究的未来发展方向进行了展望。 Panicle, as an important agronomic trait of Oryza sativa, has been a hot topic in recent years. This paper briefly introduced the general process of panicle development in rice and summarized the genes related to panicle type regulation discovered in recent years. According to the process of panicle development, panicle stems were divided into four groups: The size of branch and meristem, the transformation time of spikelet meristem and the elongation of branch and stem. The pathways of the above genes in the regulation of panicle development were summarized. Finally, the prospect of future research on the genetic regulation of panicle type in rice was prospected.