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自行设计并研制了一套获取板材热冲压成形极限图的试验系统,开展了6061-T6铝合金板材在不同应变路径及温度下的成形极限研究,获得了其在25~300℃的成形极限图。使用MSC.MARC软件对6061-T6铝合金板材的热冲压成形进行数值模拟,研究了失稳判断方法对不同温度下成形极限预测的影响。结果表明:6061-T6铝合金在室温下的极限应变值很低,塑性较差;变形温度升高到200℃时,极限应变值平均提高了99.5%;变形温度从200℃升高到300℃时,极限应变值进一步提高了23.5%,其塑性也显著提高。采用最大载荷判断法和应变路径判断法相结合的失稳状态判断准则能准确预测6061-T6铝合金的热成形极限,模拟结果和试验结果吻合较好。
A set of experimental system for obtaining the limit drawing of sheet hot stamping was designed and developed by ourselves. The forming limit of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy sheet under different strain paths and temperatures was studied. The forming limit of the sample was obtained at 25 ~ 300 ℃ . The hot stamping forming of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy sheet was simulated by using MSC.MARC software, and the influence of instability judgment method on forming limit prediction under different temperature was studied. The results show that the ultimate tensile strain of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy is very low and the plasticity is poor at room temperature. When the deformation temperature is increased to 200 ℃, the ultimate strain value increases by 99.5% on average. The deformation temperature increases from 200 ℃ to 300 ℃ , The ultimate strain value was further increased by 23.5%, and its plasticity was also significantly improved. The determination of the instability of the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy by using the combination of the maximum load determination method and the strain path determination method can accurately predict the thermoforming limit of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results.