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本文将交易成本分析引入沙漠化地区生态治理政策分析过程,构建生态治理政策交易成本分析框架,确定交易成本计算方法,估算内蒙古乌审旗退耕还林政策执行期间的交易成本为每年4 931.92元.hm-2。其中,政府直接支付占交易成本的50.06%,农户支付占交易成本的46.86%,政府直接支付是退耕还林机会成本的118.75%。草原休牧政策执行期间的交易成本为每年906.07元.hm-2,政府直接支付占交易成本的12.86%,农户支付占交易成本的80.35%,政府直接支付是草原休牧机会成本的23.30%。退耕还林政策的政府支付与退耕还林的机会成本大致相同,因此该政策执行效果良好,并且实现了退耕还林地区的全面禁牧。草原休牧政策的政府支付达不到休牧机会成本的1/4,牧民利益受到损失,牧民偷牧率达到100%,致使草原休牧流于形式。生态治理政策的交易成本分析,将为不同生态治理政策的比较和绩效评价提供一个新的角度,具有重要意义。
In this paper, transaction cost analysis is introduced into the ecological governance policy analysis process of desertification areas, the framework of transaction cost analysis of ecological governance policies is established, the transaction cost calculation method is determined, and the transaction cost during the implementation of the policy of returning farmland to coffers in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is 4 931.92 yuan per year -2. Among them, the government directly paid 50.06% of the transaction costs, farmers paid 46.86% of the transaction costs, and the direct government payment was 118.75% of the cost of the conversion of farmland to forests. The transaction cost during the implementation of grassland grazing policy was 906.07 yuan per annum.hm-2, the direct payment by the government accounted for 12.86% of the transaction costs, and the peasant households accounted for 80.35% of the transaction costs. The direct government payment was 23.30% of the cost of grassland herding. The government payment of the policy of returning farmland to forest has roughly the same opportunity cost as returning farmland to forests, so the implementation of the policy is effective and a complete ban on grazing of the area of returning farmland to forestry has been achieved. The grassroots animal husbandry policy of the government to pay less than one-fourth of the opportunity cost of animal husbandry grazing, herdsmen’s interests were lost, pastoralists stolen rate reached 100%, resulting in the grass-weeding off form. Analysis of transaction costs of ecological control policies will provide a new perspective for the comparison and performance evaluation of different ecological control policies and is of great significance.