我国是一个洪水灾害频繁的国家。建国以来,虽然在江河的上游,修建了数以万计的大、中型水库,拦蓄洪水、发电、灌溉、供水;在中下游,兴建和加高加固了数以千计的大、中型堤防工程,抗御洪水;为了排除内涝,兴建的排涝站,更是星罗棋布;还在江河的下游,兴修了大量的排洪道,加大了洪水的下泄量。以上工程的兴建,大大减轻了洪水灾害。但是,工程措施只能抗御一定标准的洪水,完全控制洪水,免除洪灾,是很难达到目的的。目前我国主要河流的防洪标准,只有个别能达到百年一遇,一般的只有几十年 Our country is a country with frequent flood disasters. Since the founding of the People’s Republic, tens of thousands of large and medium-sized reservoirs have been constructed in the upper reaches of the rivers, blocking floods, generating electricity, irrigating and supplying water. In the middle and lower reaches, thousands of large and medium-sized dikes have been built and strengthened , To resist floods; in order to rule out waterlogging, the construction of drainage stations, is dotted with cloth; also in the lower reaches of the river, built a large number of flood drains, increasing the amount of flood discharge. The construction of the above project has greatly alleviated the flood disaster. However, engineering measures can only resist a certain standard of floods, complete control of floods and flood relief are difficult to achieve. At present, the flood control standards of the major rivers in our country can only reach a once in a century, with only a few decades