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目的对北京地区不同职业人群的情绪状态以及生存质量进行对比分析,以期找到其共性及差异,为保障职业人群的精神卫生及生活质量提供建议。方法采用抑郁自评量表(CES-D)、世界卫生组织生存质量简表(WHOQOL-BREF)以及个人情况记录表,对国企工人、公司职员以及农民工3个群体进行抽样问卷调查。结果国企工人、公司职员及农民工的CES-D均分分别为15.5±9.4,11.8±8.3,8.3±7.4,差异有统计学意义(F=65.91,P<0.01);以CES-D得分≥16分为抑郁划分标准,3个群体中抑郁组生存质量皆显著低于非抑郁组(t=2.62~10.70,P<0.01);农民工在生存质量总评、健康状况总评以及生存质量各领域得分方面得分均高于国企工人及公司职员,国企工人得分最低,差异均有统计学意义(F=33.33~2 365.64,P<0.01)。结论北京地区农民工及公司职员情绪状态及生存质量较好,国企工人抑郁症状罹患率较高,生存质量评价偏低。抑郁症状对生存质量有负性影响作用,相关部门应针对不同人群特征采取相应措施。
Objective To compare and analyze the emotional status and quality of life of different occupational groups in Beijing in order to find commonalities and differences and provide suggestions for ensuring the mental health and quality of life of occupational groups. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among three groups of workers, employees and peasant workers in State-owned Enterprises (SOEs) using the Self-rating Depression Scale (CES-D), WHOQOL-BREF and personal records. Results The average scores of CES-D for workers in state-owned enterprises, company employees and migrant workers were 15.5 ± 9.4, 11.8 ± 8.3, 8.3 ± 7.4, respectively (F = 65.91, P <0.01) 16 were classified as depression, and the quality of life of depression group was significantly lower than that of non-depression group in three groups (t = 2.62-10.70, P <0.01); migrant workers scored in the areas of total quality of life evaluation, general health status and quality of life The scores were higher than those of workers in state-owned enterprises and the staff of the state-owned enterprises. The workers in state-owned enterprises scored the lowest, with significant differences (F = 33.33-2365.64, P <0.01). Conclusion The migrant workers and employees in Beijing have better emotional status and quality of life, while the workers with state-owned enterprises suffer from higher depressive symptoms and lower quality of life. Depression symptoms have a negative effect on the quality of life, and relevant departments should take corresponding measures according to the characteristics of different people.