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从成本效应角度看,环境成本内在化对我国的出口贸易有负面影响;从创新效应角度看,环境成本内在化对我国出口贸易有正面影响。但综合起来看,创新效应对出口的积极影响弥补了成本效应对出口的消极影响,最终会促进中国出口。既然环境成本内在化有利于实现环境保护与出口增加的双赢,中国应当加强实施环境成本内在化政策,包括进一步提高环境标准、推进自然资源价格改革、改变排污收费政策等。中国实施环境成本内在化的政策应当是经济手段与管制手段并用,但若着眼于未来,应当逐渐转向以经济手段为主。
From the perspective of cost-effectiveness, the internalization of environmental costs has a negative impact on China’s export trade. From the perspective of innovation effect, the internalization of environmental costs has a positive impact on China’s export trade. Taken together, however, the positive impact of innovation on exports compensates for the negative impact of cost effects on exports and will eventually boost China’s exports. Since the internalization of environmental costs is conducive to achieving a win-win situation between environmental protection and export growth, China should step up its internalization of environmental costs, including further raising environmental standards, promoting the price reform of natural resources and changing the pollution charging policy. China’s policy of implementing the internalization of environmental costs should be based on economic measures and regulatory measures. However, if we look to the future, we should gradually shift our focus to economic measures.