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对2014年温州近岸海域表层沉积物中重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As)的含量进行了分析,据其结果分析温州近岸海域表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征,并分别采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评价其污染状况。结果表明,温州近岸海域表层沉积物中铜污染情况最为严重,超过第一类沉积物质量标准的站位占64.8%。7种重金属含量均呈现近岸向远岸递减的分布特征,高值区分布在瓯江口、飞云江口、鳌江口海域。地累积指数评价结果显示Pb、Cr、Hg、As未出现污染,Zn表现为轻度污染,Cu、Cd主要表现为轻度污染并有少数测点达到偏中度污染,地累积污染指数大小顺序为Cu>Cd>Zn>Pb>Cr>As>Hg。生态风险指数评价结果显示,温州近岸海域表层沉积物中重金属元素整体表现为低潜在生态风险,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Hg、As表现为低潜在生态风险,而Cd主要表现为中等潜在生态风险并有少数测点达到较高潜在生态风险,各种元素对区域内的潜在生态风险危害的大小顺序为Cd>Cu>Hg>Pb>As>Cr>Zn。
The contents of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, As) in the surface sediments of coastal areas of Wenzhou in 2014 were analyzed. According to the results, the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the surface sediments of coastal areas of Wenzhou were analyzed. The methods of cumulative index and potential ecological risk index were respectively used to evaluate the pollution status. The results show that the copper contamination in the surface sediments of Wenzhou coastal area is the most serious, accounting for 64.8% of the stations that exceed the quality standards of the first sediment. The contents of heavy metals in seven kinds of soils showed the decreasing characteristics of the nearshore to the far coast. The high value areas were distributed in the Oujiang River, Feiyunjiang River and Aojiangkou waters. The evaluation results of the cumulative index showed that Pb, Cr, Hg, As did not appear pollution, Zn showed mild pollution, Cu, Cd mainly showed mild pollution and a few measurement points reached the moderate pollution, the order of cumulative pollution index Cu> Cd> Zn> Pb> Cr> As> Hg. The results of ecological risk index showed that the heavy metals in the surface sediments of coastal areas of Wenzhou showed the low potential ecological risk as a whole. Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Hg and As showed low potential ecological risk while Cd mainly showed medium potential Ecological risk and a few measurement points reach higher potential ecological risk. The order of the various ecological hazards to the potential ecological risk in the region is Cd> Cu> Hg> Pb> As> Cr> Zn.