第二次鸦片战争后,传教进一步公开化和合法化,从根本上改变了基督教传教士的社会地位。中国民众在各地都不同程度的展开了反教活动,其中包括了当地士绅的支持。反教后来演变成义和团运动狂热的排外,反映了中西宗教、文化在接触的过程中,中国民众的抗拒心理和意识危机。 After the Second Opium War, missionary work was further publicized and legalized, fundamentally changing the social status of Christian missionaries. The Chinese people began to engage in anti-Christian activities to varying degrees in various places, including the support of local gentry. Anti-religionism later evolved into a fanatical xenophobic movement of the Boxer Rebellion, reflecting the Chinese people’s resistance to psychological and ideological crises during their contacts with the religions and cultures of China and the West.