以某历史遗留有色金属冶炼堆渣场地为研究对象,按照网格法分别在0~20 cm、20~50 cm深度处采集土样,综合经典统计学与地统计学方法,研究场地周边浅层土壤特征污染物Zn、Cd的空间变异规律与分布特征。经典统计学分析结果表明,浅层土壤Zn、Cd含量普遍远超于当地背景值,均属中等空间变异性,服从对数正态分布,Zn与Cd之间存在极显著的正相关性,推测其迁移影响因素具有相似性;采用地统计学方法并借助Arc GIS与Surfer软件分别预测浅层土壤不同深度Zn、Cd空间分布特征,结果表明,0~20 cm处Zn空间相关性较弱且分布不均匀,其空间变异性主要是由降水淋溶渣堆或携带松散废渣沿西北侧较高地势向东南侧地势较低处流动引起;0~20 cm处Cd空间相关性中等,其空间变异特征是由于Zn与Cd的竞争吸附增强了Cd的迁移性所导致的;20~50 cm处Zn、Cd空间相关性均较强且分布均匀,表明浅层低渗透性粘土的阻滞作用显著降低了Zn、Cd含量,而地层岩性、成土母质等自然环境因素对污染物分布影响更大。上述结论可为场地地下水重金属的污染风险评估与污染控制等提供理论依据。 With a history of non-ferrous metal smelting residue dump site as the research object, according to the grid method in 0 ~ 20 cm, 20 ~ 50 cm depth of the soil samples were collected, integrated classical statistics and geostatistics methods to study the site around the shallow Spatial Variation and Distribution Characteristics of Zn, Cd in Soil Profiles. The results of classical statistical analysis show that the contents of Zn and Cd in shallow soil are generally much higher than the local background values ​​and belong to the medium spatial variability and obey the logarithmic normal distribution with a significant positive correlation between Zn and Cd. The geostatistics method and ArcGIS and Surfer software were used to predict the spatial distribution of Zn and Cd in shallow soils at different depths. The results showed that there was a weak correlation between spatial distribution of Zn and Cd at 0 ~ 20 cm Unevenly, the spatial variability was mainly caused by the precipitation of leached slag or loose loose debris moving along the upper terrain of the northwest to the lower terrain of the southeast. The Cd spatial correlation was moderate at 0-20 cm, and the spatial variability Due to the competitive adsorption of Zn and Cd enhanced the migration of Cd; the spatial correlation between Zn and Cd at 20 ~ 50 cm was strong and uniform, indicating that the retardation of shallow low-permeability clay was significantly reduced Zn and Cd content, and the lithology of lithology and parent material and other natural environmental factors have a greater impact on the distribution of pollutants. The above conclusions may provide a theoretical basis for the risk assessment of contaminated groundwater heavy metals and pollution control.