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干旱、半干旱草原生态脆弱区大型露天煤矿的开采,对原有地表植被造成了破坏,加剧了区域沙漠化和水土流失的进程,加速了草原生态系统的退化,因此恢复和重建矿区尤其是人工再塑地貌边坡生态环境成为草原区露天矿区生态建设的一个重要内容。灌溉是保证坡面植被生长发育所需水分的主要手段之一,结合项目区水资源短缺、不具备常规电源和坡面实际情况,选择微喷、滴灌、微润灌三种灌溉方式进行了试验研究,通过对三种灌水方式的特性、坡面土壤含水量动态变化、坡面植被盖度、植被地上生物量的观测分析,确定滴灌灌水方式对人工再塑地貌边坡植被复绿较为适宜,不仅可以使有限的水资源得到合理高效利用,还可以使植被尽快成坪,达到护坡的效果,从而有效减少水土流失。
Arid and semi-arid steppe ecologically fragile large opencast coal mines, the original surface vegetation has been destroyed, exacerbating the process of desertification and soil erosion, accelerate the degradation of grassland ecosystems, so the recovery and reconstruction of mining areas, especially the artificial again Plastic landform Ecological environment of slope has become an important part of ecological construction in opencast mining area of grassland. Irrigation is one of the main means to ensure the water needed for vegetation growth and development. Combined with the shortage of water resources in the project area and the lack of conventional power supply and slope conditions, three kinds of irrigation methods, ie micro-spraying, drip irrigation and micro-irrigation are selected Through the analysis of the characteristics of three irrigation modes, the dynamic changes of slope soil moisture content, vegetation coverage on the slope surface and the aboveground biomass of vegetation, it was found that drip irrigation was more suitable for vegetation reforestation on the artificial slope, Not only can the limited water resources be reasonably and efficiently utilized, but also the vegetation can be flattened as soon as possible to achieve the effect of slope protection so as to effectively reduce soil erosion.