工业革命时期的政治经济学家们就工业化与环境恶化、人口过剩和贫穷之间的关系展开了堪称经典的辩论。在辩论中产生了两种主要观点:一种观点和托马斯·马尔萨斯的名字联系在一起,另一种观点则和卡尔·马克思有关。直到今天,正如著名的环境经济学家赫尔曼·戴利写道:在西方思潮中,马克思主义和马尔萨斯主义的思想代表了主流的关于这个问题的两种对立的阐释,如果没有他们的探索和争辩,现代环境和人口问题就不可能鲜明地提出来。 Political economists during the industrial revolution started a classic debate about the relationship between industrialization and environmental degradation, overpopulation and poverty. Two main ideas arose during the debate: one was related to the name of Thomas Malthus, and the other was to Karl Marx. Until today, as the well-known environmental economist Herman Daley wrote: In the Western trend of thought, the Marxist and Malthusian ideas represent two mainstream interpretations of the issue that prevail without their exploration And arguing, the problems of the modern environment and population can not be clearly put forward.