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目的探讨唐山地区城市空巢老人一般自我效能感与社会支持的现状及其二者的相互关系。方法采用一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、社会支持评定量表(SSS)对193名唐山地区城市空巢老人进行测查。结果①唐山地区城市空巢老人的自我效能感在年龄(t=-2.315,P<0.05)、婚姻状况(t=2.654,P<0.05)、医疗费用(t=-3.568,P<0.01)上存在显著性差异;②唐山地区城市空巢老人的社会支持在婚姻状况(t=3.239,P<0.05)、受教育程度(F=3.903,P<0.05)、医疗费用(t=-3.568,P<0.01)上存在显著性差异;③唐山地区城市空巢老人的一般自我效能感与社会支持总分(r=0.308,P<0.01)、主观支持(r=0.359,P<0.01)、对支持的利用度(r=0.194,P<0.01)上均存在显著正相关。结论①唐山地区城市空巢老人自我效能感年龄大者高于年龄小者;已婚者明显高于丧偶者;有医保者高于自费者。②唐山地区城市空巢老人的婚姻状况对其社会支持程度有重要影响,有配偶者受到的鼓励与支持多于无配偶者,同时受教育程度高和有医保的唐山地区城市空巢老人更容易获得社会支持。③唐山地区城市空巢老人的自我效能感越高其获得的社会支持就越多。
Objective To explore the status quo of general self-efficacy and social support of empty-nesters in urban areas in Tangshan and their mutual relations. Methods A total of 193 elderly people living in empty nesters in Tangshan city were surveyed by using General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSS). Results ①The self-efficacy of empty-nesters in urban areas in Tangshan was significantly higher than those of the elderly (t = -2.315, P <0.05), marital status (t = 2.654, (T = 3.239, P <0.05), education level (F = 3.903, P <0.05), medical expenses (t = -3.568, P <0.01). ③The total self-efficacy and social support scores of empty-nesters in urban areas of Tangshan (r = 0.308, P <0.01) were subjectively supported (r = 0.359, (R = 0.194, P <0.01), there was a significant positive correlation. Conclusion ① The older adults with empty nesters in urban areas in Tangshan are higher than the younger ones. Married persons are significantly higher than widowed ones; ②The marital status of empty-nesters in urban areas of Tangshan City has a significant impact on the level of social support. There is more encouragement and support for couples with spouses than for those without spouses, and moreover, it is easier for urban elders with high education level and medical insurance in urban areas Get social support. ③ The higher self-efficacy of empty-nesters in urban areas in Tangshan City, the more social support they get.