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对外贸易不仅直接影响着相对工资差距,还通过技术创新效应间接影响着相对工资差距。本文运用美国制造业1997-2006年的面板数据,实证分析了美国与发展中国家的贸易对美国制造业相对工资差距的影响。研究结论是:来自发展中国家劳动密集型产品的进口竞争没有扩大美国制造业所有行业的相对工资差距,美国劳动密集制造部门相对工资差距的扩大与来自发展中国家的进口竞争有一定的关联,但技术密集制造部门相对工资差距的扩大与其无关;美国对发展中国家的出口贸易以及国内的技术创新在很大程度上扩大了美国制造业的相对工资差距。
Foreign trade not only directly affects the relative wage gap, but also indirectly affects the relative wage gap through the effect of technological innovation. This article uses panel data of the U.S. manufacturing industry from 1997-2006 to empirically analyze the impact of trade between the United States and developing countries on the relative wage gap of the U.S. manufacturing industry. The conclusion of the study is that import competition from labor-intensive products in developing countries did not expand the relative wage gap in all sectors of manufacturing in the United States. The relative wage gap in the labor-intensive manufacturing sector in the United States was somewhat linked to import competition from developing countries. However, the relative wage gap in the technology-intensive manufacturing sector has nothing to do with it. The U.S. export trade to developing countries and domestic technological innovation have greatly expanded the relative wage gap in the U.S. manufacturing industry.