本文从对于公平问题的认识入手,综合比较了功利主义的公平观、罗尔斯基于社会正义论的公平观、诺齐克基于程序正义论的公平观以及阿马蒂亚·森基于实质自由的公平观,并指出当前应该树立一种新公平观。在新公平观中,公平与效率能够更好地结合在一齐,在促进社会效率提高的同时促进社会公正。 This dissertation begins with the understanding of fairness, compares utilitarian fairness, Rawls’ fairness based on social justice, Nozick’s fairness based on procedural justice and Amartya Sen’s substantive freedom Fair view, and pointed out that the current should establish a new concept of fairness. In the new fairness perspective, fairness and efficiency can be better integrated to promote social justice while promoting social efficiency.