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玛雅文明是南美洲古代印第安文明的杰出代表,以印第安玛雅人而得名。主要分布在今墨西哥南部、危地马拉、巴西、伯利兹以及洪都拉斯和萨尔瓦多西部地区。玛雅文明在物质文化、科学艺术等方面有很大成就。玛雅文明约形成于公元前1500年,公元前400年左右建立早期奴隶制国家,公元3~9世纪为繁盛期,15世纪衰落,最后为西班牙殖民者摧毁,此后长期湮没在热带丛林中。在古代世界文明史上,玛雅文明似乎是从天而降,在最为辉煌繁盛之时,又戛然而止。
Mayan civilization is an outstanding representative of ancient Indian civilization in South America, named after the Indian Maya. Mainly in southern Mexico, Guatemala, Brazil, Belize and Honduras and western El Salvador. Maya civilization has great achievements in material culture, science and art. The Mayan civilization was formed about 1500 BC and was established as an early slavery state around 400 BC. It was a thriving period from the 3rd to the 9th centuries AD. It declined in the 15th century and was eventually destroyed by the Spanish colonists. It was then obliterated in tropical jungles for a long time. In the history of ancient civilizations, the Mayan civilization seems to be descending from heaven. At the time of the most brilliant and prosperous time, it came to an abrupt stop.